Tumatir marigayi blight yana daya daga cikin muhimman cututtuka a kan samar da tumatir kayan lambu greenhouses tumatir marigayi blight naman gwari galibi mycelium wintering a cikin marasa lafiya, pathogen kamuwa da cuta a cikin yanayin da ya dace, da cutar ta wurin samar da sporangium, yada ta iska da ruwan sama, idan da danshi. yana da sauri germination da mamayewa na ruwa, ruwa, ci gaban ƙasa zuwa sama ya zama tsakiyar nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i. Maƙarƙashiya na da alaƙa da yanayin yanayi, kuma saurin haɓaka yana da alaƙa da yanayin noman tumatir da juriya na shuka.

Rigakafin noma da sarrafawa

1.Akwai wani bambanci wajen jure cututtuka tsakanin nau'in tumatir daban-daban, kuma yakamata a ba da fifiko wajen noma nau'in masu jure cututtuka.Bugu da kari, yakamata a zabi wanda ya dace daidai da daidaitawar ciyawa ko yanki.Don noman fili, ya kamata a zaɓi iri na musamman don buɗe filin;don noman da wuri-wuri, ba za a zaɓi nau'ikan balagagge ba;don wuraren da ke da ɗanshi ko wuraren da ake fama da ruwan sama, ya kamata a zaɓi nau'ikan juriya mai ƙarfi.

2. Noma da rigakafin cututtuka.Hanyoyi na noma masu ma'ana su ne ma'auni na agronomic masu mahimmanci a cikin rigakafi da sarrafa cututtuka da kwari. Bisa ga gaskiyar cewa ciwon daji na marigayi yana iya faruwa a cikin matsanancin zafi, ya kamata a dauki matakai masu zuwa:

(1) sarrafa iri: rigakafi da maganin cututtuka daga kowane daki-daki, iri shine mahimmin mahimmanci na disinfection. Na farko tsaba tare da 70% mancozeb wettable foda 500 sau ruwa spraying, sa'an nan a kan 55 ℃ jiƙa a cikin ruwa na 30 minutes, shi ne sprouting bayan waterlogging sakamakon wuce kima ruwan sama.

(2) noman mulching: noman tumatur zai iya tabbatar da cewa yanayin ƙasa da danshi, rage zafin iska, haifar da yanayin da zai dace da girma tumatir, ba zai haifar da mamaye ƙwayoyin cuta ba, rage yawan kamuwa da cuta, da cimma burin. na rigakafin cututtuka.

(3) ma'auni mai ma'ana: bisa ga nau'ikan nau'ikan takin ƙasa daban-daban, shuka jimillar 2000-2400 a kowace kadada, tabbatar da shuka a ƙarƙashin yanayin samun iska mai ƙarfi ga haske yana da kyau, haɓaka lafiya, haɓaka juriya, idan shuka ba daidai ba. yawa ya yi yawa, tsakanin shuka, kara, ganye, 'ya'yan itace, kuma za su girmama juna, ruwa, mai, girma rauni, iska zafi yana da girma, kwayoyin cutar zuwa mamayewa, mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka. ƙarfi, zafi na iska yana da ƙananan, cutar rashin lafiya yana da kyau, amma ba zai iya cimma cikakkiyar fitarwa da ake bukata ba.

(4) taki da sarrafa ruwa: rayuwar tumatir daga dashen seedling zuwa lokacin fure, ana buƙatar danshin ƙasa a hankali ya karu daga 60% zuwa 85%, wato 60% na lokacin seedling, 70% na lokacin furanni, 80% na sakamakon farko, 85% na lokacin furanni. Kamar yadda ake cewa, "ruwa ne ke yin girbi;taki ne ke yin girbi”.Ruwan da ya dace yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da daidaituwa tsakanin ci gaban abinci mai gina jiki da haɓakar haifuwa, don haɓaka juriya na cutar.Taki shine babban mahimmancin samarwa, dasa filayen tumatur na ƙasa, dole ne ya kasance aƙalla matsakaicin haihuwa, ƙarancin shirye-shiryen ƙasa mai buƙata, ƙasa mara kyau. , taki, shi (1000-3000 kilogiram da mu na high quality farmyard taki), P taki 50 kg/mu, K taki 20 kg/mu, ban da samar da isasshen N taki, P, K taki a kan amfanin gona da inganci ne. da muhimmanci, kawai m collocation na uku key abubuwa amfani, inganta shuka cuta juriya, rage marigayi blight plague kwayoyin mamayewa, don kara yawan amfanin gona mai kyau.A akasin wannan, da maldjustment na N, P da K rage juriya na tumatir, da kuma Cutar da ke daɗe ya kasance mai sauƙin yaduwa, yana shafar yawan amfanin ƙasa da inganci.

(5) haske da yanayin zafi: tumatir shuka ne na photophilic, shukar filayen dole ne dangyang, in ba haka ba girma tumatir ya zama bakin ciki da rauni, ƙwayoyin cuta masu sauƙin mamayewa, suna haifar da cututtuka. yankin dasa shuki yana da albarkatu masu fa'ida na filin, matsakaicin matsakaicin shekara-shekara a cikin 21 ℃, amma a cikin damina, sanyi sanyi, hazo, iska mai zafi yana da girma, yana da kyau ga ƙwayoyin cuta suna mamaye cutar, to, idan ba a sarrafa su cikin lokaci ba, cutar ta ƙare. yada da sauri, ya kamata ya zama rigakafin lokaci da sarrafa spraying.

Ganyayyaki 6 sun tsince cokali mai yatsa: rashin jin daɗi a cikin ruwan sama, matsanancin zafi, ƙarancin zafin jiki, hazo, hazo da safe da maraice shine mafi sauƙin shahara, kamar dangi zafi sama da 75%, zazzabi tsakanin 15 zuwa 25 ℃ sun shahara. Don canza microclimate a cikin filin da kuma rage zafi na iska, ƙananan ƙafar ƙafar ƙafa da rassan rassan shuka dole ne a cire su don tabbatar da samun iska mai kyau da watsa haske a cikin filin, don lalata yanayin rayuwa na kwayoyin. don haka hana faruwar cututtuka.

Juyawar amfanin gona 7: ci gaba da noman amfanin gona na solanaceae, ƙasa mai yawan ƙwayoyin cuta, mai sauƙin zuwa, saboda ragowar cututtukan da aka bari a cikin filin noma shine tushen kamuwa da cutar hunturu a farkon, don haka lokacin ja seedlings ba kawai buƙatar sharewa ba. ganyen cututtukan ƙasa, 'ya'yan itace, kuma don guje wa tarin ƙwayoyin cuta suna haifar da babban abin da ya faru kwatsam, yakamata a ɗauki 2-3 juyawa tare da kayan lambu marasa solanaceae.

Rigakafin jiki da sarrafawa

Kulawar jiki shine amfani da hanyoyin jiki, kamar tsaba don gwajin iska, tantancewa, rabuwar ruwa, rabuwar ruwan laka da sauran hanyoyin zaɓin iri mai kyau; na bakteriya domin a cimma manufar rigakafin cututtuka.Tsaftar filin shine a cire ciyayi, ganye, 'ya'yan itatuwa da sauran ragowar da ke cikin gonaki da cututtuka, a ƙone su ko kuma a binne su da zurfi, don rage yawan ƙasa. kwayoyin cuta kamar yadda zai yiwu kuma rage damar kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta, don hana cututtuka da karuwar kudaden shiga.

sarrafa sinadarai

Cutar Tumatir ta faru a lokuta daban-daban da lokutan noma a yankinmu.Saboda haka, bayan sarrafa aikin gona da kula da jiki, alamun cutar har yanzu suna bayyana, wanda ke buƙatar amfani da hanyoyin sarrafa sinadarai, magungunan kashe qwari don sarrafa taimako.Babban dalilai na sinadarai sarrafawa sune: rigakafi da sarrafa kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta, Kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, Hana ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta da haɓaka, haɓaka garkuwar tumatir.

1. Maganin ƙasa: Tumatir yana son yanayin tsaka tsaki, ƙasa acid, ƙasa alkaline ana iya inganta ta ta hanyar amfani da sauri. ana amfani da shi a fagen rigakafin cututtukan fungicides mai faɗi, rage ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa (samuwa ƙwayoyin cuta ko zinc da sauran magungunan kashe qwari).

2, seedling da girbi: bayan engraftment na marigayi blight bayyanar cututtuka na ganye, kara, 'ya'yan itace, na farko wucin gadi kiyaye share daga cikin lokaci, samuwa 58% makamai sanyi, manganese tutiya wettable foda 500 sau ruwa SPRAY, fesa dole ne uniform, m, musamman flowering har sai sakamakon tsakiyar yana da mahimmanci, a lokacin farkon da kuma marigayi ci gaba ya kamata a duba a hankali a duba ƙarshen blight da kula da ƙungiyoyi a cikin lokaci, da zarar sanannen, zai yi tasiri mai girma akan yawan amfanin ƙasa da inganci. , Ana iya zaɓar hanyoyin da wakilai masu zuwa: hanyar fesa, spraying 72.2% pomelo hydrochloride bayani sau 800 a farkon mataki na cutar tumatir, ko 72% sanyi urea • manganese zinc wettable foda 400-600 sau, ko 64% sanyi • manganese zinc wettable foda sau 500, fesa sau ɗaya kowane kwanaki 7-10, ci gaba da kulawa 4-5 days. Idan zafi a cikin zubar ya yi yawa ko kuma ya hadu da kwanakin girgije, ana iya amfani da hanyar fesa foda, kamar amfani da Gerry micro foda. 1 (50% alkyl morpholine wettable foda) foda spraying iko, zai iya cimma mafi kyau iko sakamako.Stem cuta tabo za a iya amfani da wani babban taro na ruwa magani, ko ganye fesa ko kara shafi magani, sau ɗaya kowane 7-8 kwanaki, Sau 2-3 a jere, amma kula da kwanaki 10 bayan aikace-aikacen 'ya'yan itace ba za a iya dauka a kasuwa ba.