Tomato late blight ndechimwe chezvirwere zvakakosha pakugadzirwa kwematomatisi miriwo greenhouses tomato late blight fungus kunyanya mycelium yechando mumuviri unorwara, hutachiona hwepathogen munzvimbo yakakodzera, uye nzvimbo yechirwere inoburitsa sporangium, inoparadzirwa nemhepo nemvura, kana paine mwando. inokurumidza kumera uye kupindira kweblade, blade, kuzasi-kumusoro kusimudzira kuumba pakati peiyo yakajairika strain.Sporangium inogadzirwa pashizha rechirimwa chepakati yakaparadzirwa nemhepo kumiti yakapoteredza kuti ibatwe zvakare.Kuitika uye kuwanda Kunonoka blight kune hukama zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunze, uye kukurumidza kwekukura kunodyidzana zvakare nemamiriro ekurima madomasi uye kuramba chirimwa.

Kudzivirira uye kutonga kwekurima

1. Pane musiyano wekurwisa zvirwere pakati pemhando dzematomatisi akasiyana, uye mhando dzinoshingirira zvirwere dzinofanirwa kupihwa pekutanga pakurima.Pamusoro pezvo, kusarudzwa kwakakodzera kunofanirwa kuitwa zvinoenderana nekuchinjika kweshanga kana dunhu.Pakurima munda wakavhurika, mhando dzakakosha dzemunda wakavhurika dzinofanirwa kusarudzwa;pakurima kwekutanga-kukura, marudzi anonoka-kukura haafaniri kusarudzwa;kune nzvimbo dzine hunyoro kana nzvimbo dzinonaya mvura, mhando dzepamusoro-dzinodzivirira dzinofanira kusarudzwa.

2. Kurima nekudzivirira zvirwere.Nzira dzekurima dzine musoro dzinokosha dzeagronomic matanho mukudzivirira nekudzivirira zvirwere netwupukanana. Maererano nenyaya yekuti blight inononoka inogona kuitika mukunyorova kwakanyanya, matanho anotevera anofanira kutorwa:

(1) kugadzirwa kwembeu: kudzivirira uye kurapwa kwechirwere kubva pane zvese, mbeu inzvimbo yakakosha yekuuraya hutachiona. Mbeu yekutanga ine 70% mancozeb wettable powder ka500 mvura yekupfapfaidza, uye pa55 ℃ yakanyikwa mumvura kwemaminitsi makumi matatu, kumera mushure mekudonha kwemvura kunokonzerwa nekunaya kwemvura yakawandisa.

(2) kurima mulching: kurimwa kwematomatisi mulching kunogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti tembiricha yevhu uye hunyoro, kuderedza hunyoro hwemhepo, kugadzira mamiriro ezvinhu anobatsira kukura kwemadomasi, kwete kuita kuti mabhakitiriya apinde, kuderedza kuitika kwechirwere, uye kuzadzisa chinangwa. yekudzivirira zvirwere.

(3) density inonzwisisika: zvinoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzekuorera kwevhu kwakasiyana, dyara huwandu hwe2000-2400 paeka, simbisa kuti chirimwa chiri pasi pemamiriro ekufefetera kunze kwechiedza chakanaka, chine hutano kukura, kusimudzira kuramba, kana kudyara zvisina kunaka. density yakanyanyisa, pakati pechirimwa, dzinde, shizha, michero, uye zvichakudzana, mvura, mafuta, kukura zvishoma, hunyoro hwemhepo hwakakura, utachiona hunopinda, hunogona kubatwa nechirwere hunozivikanwa.Asi density idiki kwazvo, nyangwe ichikura kusimba, hunyoro hwemhepo hudiki, hwunopesana nezvirwere zvakanaka, asi haugone kuwana huwandu hwakazara hunoda zvakare.Mune izwi, kuwanda kwemhando yekukura kunofanira kunge kuri kudiki, nepo iyo yemhando yekukura inopera inofanira kunge yakakura.

(4) fetireza uye kutonga kwemvura: hupenyu hwematomatisi kubva pakudyara kusvika panguva yekutumbuka, hunyoro hwevhu hunodiwa kuti huwedzere zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pa60% kusvika 85%, iyo 60% yenguva yekudyara, 70% yenguva yekutumbuka, 80% pamiuyo yokutanga, 85% yenguva yokutumbuka. Sekutaura kunoita chirevo, “mvura ndiyo inokohwa;ndiyo fetireza inokohwa”.Kudiridza kwakakodzera kunokosha kuitira kuti pave nekubatana pakati pekukura kwekudya uye kukura kwevana, kuitira kuti zvirwere zvirambe zvichiramba. Fetereza ndicho chinhu chinokosha pakugadzirwa, kudyara minda yemadomasi, kunofanira kunge kuine kubereka kuri pakati nepakati, kugadzirwa kwevhu kunoda, ivhu rakasununguka. , fetereza, shi (1000-3000 kilograms pamu yemhando yepamusoro manyowa epapurazi), P fetireza 50 kg/mu, K fetireza 20 kg/mu, pamusoro pekupa fetireza yeN yakakwana, P, K pagoho uye kunaka kuri zvakakosha, kugovaniswa kwakanaka chete kwezvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvinoshandiswa, kusimudzira kusagadzikana kwechirwere chechirimwa, kuderedza kunonoka kuputika kwebhakitiriya kupinda, kuwedzera goho rakanaka. Asi, kusarongeka kweN, P uye K kwakaderedza kuramba kwemadomasi, uye kunonoka blight kwaive nyore kupararira, zvichikanganisa goho uye kunaka.

(5) chiedza uye kupisa mamiriro ezvinhu: domatisi ichiri photophilic zvirimwa, kudyara minda inofanira kuva dangyang, zvikasadaro kukura kwemadomasi kutetepa uye kusina simba, utachiona huri nyore kupinda, hunokonzera chirwere.Tomato inokura yakanyanya kushanduka tembiricha 20 kusvika 25 ℃, dunhu rangu rematomatisi. nzvimbo yekudyara ine zviwanikwa zvemunda, paavhareji tembiricha mu21 ℃, asi mumwaka wekunaya kwemvura, chando chechando, mhute, hunyoro hwemhepo hwakakura, zvakanaka kuti utachiona hunopinda mukukuvadza, kana kusingadzoreki nenguva, kunonoka kunonoka kunoitika. kupararira nokukurumidza, kunofanira kuva nenguva yekudzivirira uye kutonga kwekupfapfaidza.

Mashizha matanhatu akanhonga forogo: kunonoka blight mukunaya, humidity yakakwira, tembiricha yakaderera, mhute, mhute mangwanani uye manheru ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa, senge hunyoro hunopfuura 75%, tembiricha iri pakati pe15 ne25 ℃ inozivikanwa. Kuti uchinje microclimate mumunda uye kuderedza humidity yemhepo, mashizha epasi petsoka uye mamwe matavi akaomeswa echirimwa anofanira kubviswa kuti ave nechokwadi chekufema kwakanaka uye kutapurirana kwechiedza mumunda, kuitira kuparadza nharaunda yebhakitiriya. uye nokudaro kudzivisa kuitika kwechirwere.

7 kutenderera kwezvirimwa: kuenderera mberi kurimwa kwezvirimwa zve solanaceae, ivhu rine huwandu hwakawanda hwebhakitiriya, nyore kuuya, nekuti masara echirwere akasara mumunda wekurima ndiwo anokonzera hutachiona hwechando pakutanga, saka kana uchidhonza mbesa haingofanire kuchenesa. chirwere chevhu mashizha, michero, uye kuitira kuti udzivise kuunganidzwa kwebhakitiriya kunotungamirira kune imwe nguva huru chiitiko, inofanira kutora 2-3 kutenderera nemiriwo isiri-solanaceae.

Kudzivirira muviri uye kutonga

Kudzora muviri kushandisa nzira dzemuviri, dzakaita sembeu dzekuongorora mhepo, kuongorora, kupatsanura mvura, kupatsanurwa kwemvura yemadhaka nedzimwe nzira dzekusarudza mhodzi dzakanaka;Kana kushandisa nzira yemuviri sekunyika mhodzi mumuto unodziya kudzivirira kukura nekukura. zvemabhakitiriya kuitira kuti pave nechinangwa chekudzivirira zvirwere.Utsanana hwemumunda kunonyanya kubvisa madzinde, mashizha, michero nezvimwe zvakasara mumunda zvine zvirwere, nekuzvipisa kana kuviga zvakadzika, kuitira kuderedza kuwanda kwevhu. mabhakitiriya zvakanyanya sezvinobvira uye kuderedza mukana wehutachiona hwehutachiona, kuitira kudzivirira zvirwere uye kuwedzera mari.

Kudzora kwemakemikari

Tomato chirwere chakaitika munguva dzakasiyana uye mwaka yekurima mudunhu redu.Naizvozvo, mushure mekutonga kwekurima uye kutonga kwemuviri, zviratidzo zvechirwere ichi zvichiri kuoneka, izvo zvinoda kushandiswa kwemakemikari ekudzora nzira, kemikari yezvipembenene zvekubatsira kudzora.Zvinangwa zvikuru zvemakemikari kudzora ndeiyi: kudzivirira uye kudzora kwekurwisa kwebhakitiriya; Uraya hutachiona; Kudzivirirwa kwekukura kwebhakitiriya uye kukura, kuwedzera kusadzivirirwa kwematomatisi.

1. Kugadziriswa kwevhu: domatisi inofarira nharaunda isina kwayakarerekera, ivhu reasidhi, ivhu realkaline rinogona kuvandudzwa nekushandisa quicklime.Mabhakitiriya evhu anonyanya kutyisidzira kugadzirwa kwematomatisi mudunhu redu, kunze kwekuita basa rakanaka mukugadzira utachiona hweseedbed ground disinfection. inoshandiswa kumunda we-broad-spectrum fungicide disinfection, kuderedza utachiona huri muvhu (bhakitiriya rinowanikwa kana zinc nemamwe mishonga yezvipembenene).

2, mbesa uye kukohwa: mushure mekunyora kwekupedzisira blight zviratidzo zveshizha, dzinde, muchero, yekutanga yekugadzira chengetedza nekufamba kwenguva, inowanikwa 58% chando chezvombo, manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid spray, spray inofanira kuva yakafanana, inofunga, kunyanya. maruva kusvika pakati mhedzisiro yakakosha, panguva yekutanga uye kunonoka kukura kunofanira kunyatsotariswa kunonoka blight uye kudzora kwesangano munguva, kamwe yakakurumbira, kuchava nesimba guru pane goho uye kunaka.Kana chirwere chepakati chechirwere chinowanikwa mumunda , nzira dzinotevera uye maajenti anogona kusarudzwa: kupfapfaidza nzira, kumwaya 72.2% pomelo hydrochloride solution ka800 mukutanga kwechirwere chematomatisi, kana 72% frost urea • manganese zinc wettable powder 400-600 times, kana 64% frost • manganese zinc inonyorova poda ka500, pfapfaidza kamwe chete mazuva 7-10, kuenderera kunodzora 4-5 mazuva.Kana hunyoro huri mushedhi hwakanyanya kana hunosangana nemazuva ane makore, nzira yekupfapfaidza hupfu inogona kushandiswa, sekushandiswa kweGerry micro powder. 1 (50% alkyl morpholine wettable powder) poda yekupfapfaidza kudzora, inogona kuita zvirinani kutonga. 2-3 nguva mumutsara, asi teerera kune mazuva gumi mushure mekushandiswa kwemichero haigoni kutorwa pamusika.