I-tomato blight late ingenye yezifo ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni utamatisi izitshalo zokugcina izithombo utamatisi isikhunta se-late blight fungus ikakhulukazi ubusika be-mycelium emzimbeni ogulayo, ukutheleleka kwe-pathogen ezimweni ezifanele zemvelo, futhi indawo yesifo ikhiqiza i-sporangium, esakazwa umoya nemvula, uma kwenzeka kunomswakama. ukuhluma ngokushesha kanye nokuhlasela kwe-blade, i-blade, ukuthuthukiswa okusuka phansi kuya phezulu kwakha isikhungo sohlobo olujwayelekile.I-sporangium ekhiqizwa eqabungeni lesitshalo esimaphakathi yasakazwa ngokugeleza komoya ezitshalweni ezizungezile ukuze ziphinde zitheleleke.Ukwenzeka kanye nokusabalala okulimaza sekwephuzile kuhlobene eduze nezimo zezulu, futhi isivinini sokukhula sihlobene kakhulu nezimo zokutshala utamatisi kanye nokumelana nezitshalo.

Ukuvimbela nokulawula ezolimo

1. Kunomehluko othile ekumelaneni nezifo phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zikatamatisi, futhi izinhlobo ezimelana nezifo kufanele zibekwe kuqala ekulinyweni.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhetha okufanele kufanele kwenziwe ngokuvumelana nokuvumelana nezimo zezinhlanga noma isifunda.Ukuze kulinywe insimu evulekile, izinhlobo ezikhethekile zensimu evulekile kufanele zikhethwe;ukuze kutshalwe ekuqaleni kokuvuthwa, izinhlobo ezikhula sekwephuzile akufanele zikhethwe;ezindaweni ezinomswakama noma izindawo ezinemvula, izinhlobo ezimelana kakhulu kufanele zikhethwe.

2. Ukutshala nokuvimbela izifo.Izindlela zokulima eziphusile ziyizinyathelo ezibalulekile ze-agronomic ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni izifo kanye nezinambuzane. Ngokuvumelana neqiniso lokuthi ukubola okuphuzile kungenzeka kakhulu kwenzeke lapho kunomswakama ophezulu, lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo kufanele zithathwe:

(1) ukucutshungulwa kwembewu: ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwezifo kuyo yonke imininingwane, imbewu iyiphuzu eliyinhloko lokubulala amagciwane.Imbewu yokuqala eno-70% wempushana emanzi ye-mancozeb izikhathi ezingu-500 ngokufafaza okuwuketshezi, bese kuthi ku-55 ℃ icwiliswe emanzini imizuzu engu-30, ifakwe emanzini. ukuhluma ngemva kokugcwala kwamanzi okubangelwa imvula enkulu.

(2) ukutshalwa kwe-mulching: ukutshalwa kwe-tomato mulching kungaqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi kanye nomswakama, ukunciphisa umswakama womoya, ukudala izimo ezikhuthaza ukukhula kukatamatisi, hhayi ezikulungele ukuhlasela kwamagciwane, ukunciphisa izifo, nokufeza umgomo. wokuvimbela izifo.

(3) ukuminyana okunengqondo: ngokwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuvunda kwenhlabathi ehlukene, tshala isamba esingu-2000-2400 ihektha ngalinye, qinisekisa ukuthi isitshalo esingaphansi kwesimo somoya ovumela ukukhanya sihle, sikhula kahle, sithuthukise ukumelana, uma sitshala ngendlela engafanele. ukuminyana kuphezulu kakhulu, phakathi kwesitshalo, isiqu, iqabunga, isithelo, futhi kuzohloniphana, amanzi, amafutha, kuyancipha, umswakama womoya mkhulu, amagciwane angahlasela, angenwa kalula yizifo kuyathandwa.Kodwa ukuminyana kuncane kakhulu, nakuba kukhula ukuqina, umswakama womoya mncane, umphumela wokumelana nezifo muhle, kodwa awukwazi ukuzuza inani eliphelele lokukhiphayo elidingayo futhi.Ngamafuphi, ukuminyana kohlobo lokukhula okungapheli kufanele kube kuncane, kuyilapho ohlobo lokukhula okunomkhawulo kufanele lube lukhulu.

(4) Ukuphathwa kukamanyolo namanzi: impilo katamatisi kusukela ekutshalweni kwezithombo kuya enkathini yokuqhakaza, umswakama wenhlabathi udinga ukukhula kancane kancane usuka ku-60% uye ku-85%, okungukuthi u-60% wenkathi yezithombo, u-70% wenkathi yokuqhakaza, u-80% emiphumeleni yokuqala, ama-85% enkathi yokuqhakaza.Njengoba isisho sisho, “ngamanzi avunayo;ngumanyolo owenza isivuno”.Ukunisela ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana phakathi kokukhula komsoco kanye nokukhula kokuzala, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nezifo. Umanyolo uyisici esiyinhloko sokukhiqiza, ukutshala iziqephu zamasimu katamatisi, kufanele okungenani kube nokuvunda okusesilinganisweni, ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi ngenkani, inhlabathi exegayo. , umanyolo, i-shi (amakhilogremu angu-1000-3000 nge-mu eyodwa yomquba wezinga eliphezulu wasepulazini), Umanyolo we-P 50 kg/mu, umanyolo we-K 20 kg/mu, ngaphezu kokuhlinzeka ngomanyolo owanele we-N, P, K ekuvunweni kanye nekhwalithi okubalulekile, kuphela ukuhlanganiswa okunengqondo kwezinto ezintathu ezibalulekile ezisetshenziswayo, ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nezifo zezitshalo, ukunciphisa ukuhlasela kwamagciwane okulimaza isifo sekwephuzile, ukukhulisa isivuno esihle. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukungalungi kahle kwe-N, P kanye noK kunciphisa ukumelana kukatamatisi, futhi isilonda sekwephuzile bekulula ukusabalala, sithinta isivuno kanye nekhwalithi.

(5) izimo zokukhanya nokushisa: utamatisi uyisitshalo se-photophilic, iziza zokutshala kufanele zibe yi-dangyang, ngaphandle kwalokho ukukhula kukatamatisi mncane futhi kubuthakathaka, amagciwane ahlasela kalula, abangele isifo. indawo yokutshala inezinsiza ezizuzisayo zensimu, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi konyaka libe ngu-21 ℃, kodwa ngenkathi yemvula, isithwathwa sasebusika, inkungu, umswakama womoya mkhulu, kuhle amagciwane ahlasele umonakalo, khona-ke uma kungalawuleki ngesikhathi, kwenzeka ukubola okuphuzile. ukusabalala ngokushesha, kufanele kube ukuvimbela ngesikhathi kanye nokulawula of sishaye.

Amaqabunga angu-6 athatha imfoloko: ukulimaza sekwephuzile emvuleni, umswakama ophezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, inkungu, inkungu ekuseni nakusihlwa kulula kakhulu ukuthandwa, njengomswakama ohlobene ngaphezu kuka-75%, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-15 no-25 ℃ lidumile. Ukuze uguqule i-microclimate ensimini futhi unciphise umswakama womoya, amaqabunga aphansi onyawo kanye namagatsha aminyene esitshalo kufanele asuswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungena komoya okuhle kanye nokudluliswa kokukhanya ensimini, ukuze kucekelwe phansi indawo ehlala amagciwane. futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukuvela kwezifo.

7 ukujikeleziswa kwezitshalo: ukutshala okuqhubekayo kwezitshalo ze-solanaceae, inhlabathi enamagciwane amaningi, kulula ukufika, ngoba izinsalela zesifo ezisele ensimini ziwumthombo wokutheleleka kwasebusika ekuqaleni, ngakho-ke lapho udonsa izithombo akudingeki ukuthi usule kuphela. amaqabunga esifo somhlaba, izithelo, futhi ukuze kugwenywe ukuqoqwa kwamagciwane kuholela esenzeka ngokuzumayo, kufanele kuthathe ukujikeleza okungu-2-3 nemifino engeyona i-solanaceae.

Ukuvimbela nokulawula ngokomzimba

Ukulawula ngokomzimba ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezibonakalayo, njengembewu yokuhlola umoya, ukuhlola, ukwahlukanisa amanzi, ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi odaka nezinye izindlela zokukhetha imbewu enhle;Noma sebenzisa indlela engokoqobo njengokucwilisa imbewu esobhoni elifudumele ukuze uvimbele ukukhula nokukhula. amabhaktheriya ukuze kufezwe injongo yokuvimbela izifo.Ukuthuthwa kwendle ikakhulukazi ukususa iziqu, amahlamvu, izithelo nezinye izinsalela ensimini enezifo, futhi zishise noma zizingcwabe zijule, ukuze kwehliswe inani lenhlabathi. amagciwane ngangokunokwenzeka futhi anciphise amathuba okutheleleka nge-pathogen, ukuze avimbele izifo futhi andise imali engenayo.

Ukulawula amakhemikhali

Isifo sikatamatisi senzeke ngezikhathi ezahlukene kanye nezinkathi zokulima esifundeni sethu.Ngakho-ke, emva kokulawulwa kwezolimo nokulawulwa ngokomzimba, izimpawu zesifo zisabonakala, okudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokulawula amakhemikhali, izibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali zokulawula okusizayo.Izinjongo eziyinhloko zamakhemikhali Ukulawula yilezi: ukuvimbela nokulawula ukuhlasela kwamagciwane;Bulala amagciwane;Ukuvimbela ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwebhaktheriya, kuthuthukisa ukungatheleleki kukatamatisi.

1. Ukwelashwa komhlabathi: utamatisi uthanda imvelo engathathi hlangothi, inhlabathi ene-asidi, inhlabathi ene-alkali ingathuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa i-quicklime.Amagciwane omhlabathi awusongo olukhulu ekukhiqizeni utamatisi esifundeni sethu, ngaphezu kokwenza umsebenzi omuhle ekubulaleni amagciwane emhlabathini we-seedbed, nawo angasebenza. isetshenziswa emkhakheni wokubulala amagciwane ngesikhunta esibanzi, nciphisa amagciwane enhlabathini (i-bacterin etholakalayo noma i-zinc nezinye izibulala-zinambuzane).

2, yisithombo nokuvuna: emva kokufakwa kwezimpawu zokulimaza sekwephuzile kweqabunga, isiqu, isithelo, okokwenziwa okokuqala gcina kucacile ngesikhathi, kutholakala iqhwa elingu-58% lezikhali, i-manganese zinc powder emanzi izikhathi ezingama-500, isifutho kufanele sibe iyunifomu, sicabange, ikakhulukazi ukuqhakaza kuze kube yilapho umphumela wamaphakathi ubalulekile, ngesikhathi sokukhula kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nakwephuzile kufanele kubhekisiswe ngokucophelela ukulimaza sekwephuzile kanye nokulawulwa kwenhlangano ngesikhathi, uma sekudumile, kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekuvunweni nasezingeni eliphezulu.Uma izinhlobo zezifo ezimaphakathi zitholakala ensimini , izindlela ezilandelayo nama-ejenti angakhethwa: indlela yokufutha, ukufafaza isixazululo se-pomelo hydrochloride ka-72.2% izikhathi ezingu-800 ekuqaleni kwesifo sikatamatisi, noma u-72% we-frost urea • i-manganese zinc powder emanzi izikhathi ezingu-400-600, noma 64% isithwathwa • manganese i-zinc impushana emanzi izikhathi ezingu-500, fafaza kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-7-10, ukulawula okuqhubekayo kwezinsuku ezingu-4-5.Uma umswakama eshedini uphakeme kakhulu noma uhlangabezana nezinsuku ezinamafu, indlela yokufafaza impusha ingasetshenziswa, njengokusebenzisa i-Gerry micro powder. I-1 (50% i-alkyl morpholine wettable powder) isilawuli sokufafaza i-powder, ingafinyelela umphumela ongcono wokulawula.Indawo yesifo se-Stem ingasetshenziswa ngomuthi owuketshezi omningi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-leaf spray noma umuthi we-stem enamathela, kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-7-8, Izikhathi ezingama-2-3 zilandelana, kepha qaphela izinsuku eziyi-10 ngemuva kokufakwa kwezithelo azikwazi ukuthathwa emakethe.